Scalable Data Center Networking: Evaluating VXLAN EVPN as A Next-Generation Overlay Solution

Abstract

the rapid evolution of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and distributed applications has transformed the operational landscape of modern data centers, demanding scalable, flexible, and resilient networking solutions. Traditional Data Center Network (DCN) architectures often hardware-bound and statically configured, struggle to accommodate the growing volume of east-west traffic and the need for automation and multitenancy. This paper presents an in-depth examination of VXLAN-EVPN architectures, detailing their operational principles, advantages, and implementation strategies in modern data centers. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to highlight current advancements, real-world use cases, and ongoing challenges, including scalability limits, verification inefficiencies, and energy consumption. Comparative analysis of recent works is provided to outline contributions, research gaps, and opportunities for further exploration. In order to satisfy future expectations, the study's conclusion highlights the significance of integrated, software-defined, and adaptable network systems. This work aims to guide network architects and researchers in designing secure, resilient, and next-generation data center networks aligned with emerging digital and cloud-native ecosystems.